Fermentation Tests for Starter and Air Access Experiments

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Effect of pH on yeast fermentation

The brewing process and production of alcoholic beverages occurs on a global scale every day. However water quality and pH levels vary from region to region (Naumburg et al, 2001). This study investigated the effects of pH on alcohol production by weight of yeast (Saccharomyces cerivisae). It was hypothesized that alcohol production in beer was affected by the pH of the solution in which the yeast was fermented. The yeast was fermented in four pH buffered solutions (3, 5, 7, 9). The percentage of alcohol content was calculated by measuring the specific gravity of the solutions before and after the fermentation process. At pH 3, the average alcohol by weight (ABW) percentage was 3.788% ± 0.026% (±SEM, N=5); at pH 5, the average ABW percentage was 4.370% ± 0.026% (±SEM, N=5); at pH 6, the average ABW percentage was 3.761% ± 0.026% (±SEM, N=5); at pH 8, the average ABW percentage was 3.141% ± 0.058% (±SEM, N=5). 

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Barley Beta-Glucans - Benefits to Cholesterol

Cereal β-glucans from oat, barley, wheat, and rye induce a variety of physiological effects that positively impact health. Barley and oat β-glucans have been studied for their effects on blood glucose regulation in test subjects with hypercholesterolemia.^[11]

Oats and barley differ in the ratio of trimer and tetramer 1-4 linkages. Barley has more 1-4 linkages with a degree of polymerization higher than 4. However, the majority of barley blocks remain trimers and tetramers. In oats, β-glucan is found mainly in the endosperm of the oat kernel, especially in the outer layers of that endosperm.^[2]

β-Glucans found in the cell walls of yeast contain a 1,3 carbon backbone with elongated 1,6 carbon branches^[25] A series of human clinical trials in the 1990s evaluated the impact of PGG-glucan on infections in high-risk surgical patients. In these studies, PGG-glucan significantly reduced complications.^{[26][27][28][29]} Orally administered yeast-glucan was reported to decrease the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 cytokines responsible for the clinical manifestation of allergic rhinitis, while increasing the levels of IL-12.^[30]

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